Introduction
There
are many similarities between war and sport. Both requires participants to
discipline themselves, endure the hardships, and overcome inner struggles and
so on in order to achieve the goals. However, the most distinguishing character
in war is war is a matter of life and death. There is no prize for second place
in war since second place means death. Unlike sports that award the
participants that are ranked in second and third place in the competition.
Regardless of
our intention when experiencing Jesus’ salvation, we as Christians, are called
unto the spiritual battlefield, not called to participate in a friendly
spiritual sports competition. Satan starts recognizing us through the
unilateral view as enemies once we become born-again Christians. Unfortunately,
this perspective on spiritual warfare has been accepted as either a controversial
issue or it is ignored by those that believe that the Christian faith is only
about a relationship in which we develop the bond with God and glorify God.
They believe that the closer we get with God will result in automatically
driving away of Satan. For example, Thomas B. White said in his book that “The
Christian’s life is to be characterized by the praise of God’s goodness and
glory, not by pessimistic paranoia”[1]
However, it is evident in the bible that the spiritual warfare is a crucial
component of the Christian faith.
Christians
should grow in their faith despite all the works Satan does. In my estimation,
Satan has two representative weapons named deception and hideout. Ironically,
our faith is supposed to grow in fighting against Satan’s attacks that
originates from the strongholds that he establishes in our hearts and the
realms between us and God. As Boyd states, “The mystery of evil is located not
in the heart of God but in the heart of humanity and in the hidden world
between humans and God.”[2]
In this paper, these two places where spiritual warfare is advancing will be
examined carefully and the ultimate goal of spiritual warfare will be revealed.
Warfare on the individual level
Satan is very
smart. He is even smarter than the way most Christians think He would be. One
of the most effective strategies is to establish the foothold right inside of
hearts and minds of Christians. Once it is built up, it become easier to
strengthen the territory from Satan’s perspective. Likewise, it is inferred
metaphorically that unless the waste removed, flies and rats are supposed to be
attracted by the presence of waste. And they will add more filthy materials
into the waste.
Thus it can be
thought that it is possible that both the stronghold made legitimately by demons
and Holy Spirit cohabit within the heart. Although inhabitation of demons and
presence of Holy Spirit should not coexist in hearts of those who confess their
sin and Jesus Christ as personal saviors, it seems that demons can secretly
establish their strongholds to somewhat degree where many Christians are
afflicted and influenced. Even for those who are considered as very spiritual
and holy, it is very likely that demon has its strongholds established to a
lesser degree than the average Christians.
Honestly, it is evident
all the Christians must wage the spiritual warfare from their own heart and
reveal all kinds of strongholds Satan have launched in a sly way. But, it seems
that many Christians have the proclivity to interpret only those who are
demon-possessed through spiritual warfare perspective.
Although it is
said that “Healing and exorcisms played such a central role in Jesus’ ministry”[3],
there must be more numbers of people who have inhabitation of demons at
unnoticeable level than those who are demon-possessed. Neil T. Anderson says
“Most young Christians under spiritual attack lead fairly normal lives while
experiencing serious inner problems for which no cause or solution has been
found”. [4]
Usually, it is
prevalently accepted that dramatic changes occur within people when they participate
in an evangelization event or retreat. In addition, people believe that some
miraculous intervention of God heal many problems of Christian in life. This
way of thinking can be similar to how audiences are greatly interested in
counter punches n boxing or fully consumed in main melody theme of symphony
music. However, both the determinable blows and melodies of main theme takes up
only seconds out of the whole events which need either one and half hours or
around two hours. If there were not hundred numbers of jabs in the face of
boxer, the couple of heavy blows are useless. Furthermore, if one was to skip
over musical support for melodies which are the parts that are thought to be
boring, the melody would not be as alluring. Likewise, Jesus’ divine
intervention or His miraculous event obviously causes Christians to dispel
demons temporarily and destroy the footholds. But, fighting against behavioral
patterns established habitually through the strongholds and living out the
words on a daily basis should accompany the momentary event in which many
Christians often acquire the victory from conflicts against Satan. Satan
usually allows us to become winners of many battles, but losers of war
eventually.
In this context,
it seems that the acquisition of holiness, disciplined through daily basis of
life, is the most effective weapon rather than experiencing something
supernatural or unexplainable. Thomas says “A clear conscience is a key to
victory in warfare.”[5]
So, it is necessary for our hearts, which are occupied by territories
established in schemes of demons, should be cleansed by demolishing their
strategic points and around the Holy of Holies, the construction of protective
wall should be achieved by abandoning, severing and disciplining behavioral
patterns as if Nehemiah rebuilt the wall in Jerusalem. This is the process
which many Christians take too lightly than we should and for which have to pay
a dearly price.
It is real irony
that we, as spiritual warriors, need to become spiritual saints first in order
to achieve real victories in spiritual battles. Clinton says “First and
foremost, God has called his people to integrity, purity, and holiness”[6]
However, many Christians fail due to the fact that many Christians engage
themselves into the spiritual warfare without establishing invincible roots in
depth of holiness since they consider themselves to have certain amount of
growth in faith.
When demons and
their turfs in our hearts are bombarded in divine power of God, demons hide
themselves somewhere inside our hearts and their strongholds still exist there
even if they are damaged. Although the determinable factor, which leads to
either demon-possession or incurable illness, is defeated, molding the internal
environment into the way Jesus wants it to be is our responsibility. When
internal realm is newly fabricated into the originally intended completion, demons
abandon their inhabitation, for the nature of place does not match with the
nature of Satan environmentally and ultimately. Even though we, as Christians,
are destined to fight against Satan and sin to the point of bleeding, some
sorts of demons systemically cannot inhabit inside of our heart.
Usually, all
these processes are achieved progressively and individually through the whole
life, not instantly and corporately. Satan’s attack is fiercely concentrated in
certain places where our privacy is perfectly guaranteed. This is where
spiritual warfare is primarily waged and Christians should come out with fruits
of repentance. However, it seems that many churches do not equip Christians to
become spiritual warriors. In other words, “Many churches have become strong on
evangelism and seeker-orientation, but weak on follow-up and rooting these
precious new believers in the faith.”[7]
In essence, it
is only when one eventually achieves certain holiness through consistent struggles
that the individual will become qualified to engage in a fight against
territorial spirits. Thus, if they obtain certain success in transforming their
inner world, even if they are not able to fully change the external world which
is influenced by the territorial spirits and Satanic powers, they will be able
to influence some changes. However, when Christians fail to change their inner
world, they will fail to affect the external world, even to a lesser degree.
Since “the devil
gives up no one under his power without a fight,”[8]
it will be a great struggle to grow to
the point which the inner level is changed. However, by the time one Christian
become a qualified spiritual warrior, this soldier is called to fight against
territorial spirits. Thus the spiritual warfare transitions from the personal
level into the corporate level.
Warfare on the corporate level
When
it comes to spiritual warfare on the corporate level, the sphere of spiritual
warfare expands “from the daily events of our personal lives to the complex
workings of huge governments and organization”.[9]
At this stage, our adversaries become territorial spirits rather than personal
demons, which hold people in custody in certain geographical area, social
systems, culture or any kind of human-based intellectual products. In other
words, our adversary becomes things that encourage people to indulge in their
greed which allows demons to establish their strongholds inside hearts.
It
seems that when someone becomes a Christian, Satan tries to snatch the
assurance of faith by using demons and their strongholds. However, if this
Christian becomes the obtainer of personal salvation who demolishes many
demonic footholds, Satan’s next strategy is to restrain the person from
becoming engaged with saving mission of God by aggressively fighting against
the principalities. In other words, it becomes Satan’s mission to make
Christians into nominal warriors who are satisfied only with their own
salvation.
This
is due to the fact that “If the devil has no legal basis on which to accuse and
afflict us, he resorts to methods of buffeting us by external harassment”.[10]
When external forces and powers try to attack mature Christians, the two
important elements that the spiritual warriors must have in their possession
are the spirit of unity and powerful prayer. These are two essential components
since Satan’s efforts of infringing on our psychological realm will become more
creative than ever. Thus it is important not to underestimate Satan’s
capabilities even if we think that we technically have no legal basis on which
demons do their works. It is important
to fight spiritual battles with this understanding in order to be not caught
off-guard and entrapped.
First
and foremost, in order for the kingdom of God to be launched on a great scale,
the unity among all the spiritual warriors should be the cherished and valued. It
is important to be unified in our differences and to use them to our strengths.
For example, even if all Christians are destined to participate in spiritual
warfare, not everyone will be comfortable in the front lines since “not
everyone likes the idea of warfare.”[11]
In addition, some people like Peter strongly believe that “Not everyone is
called to the front lines of spiritual warfare.”[12]
Therefore, it can be thought that there two types of warriors; there are those
in the frontlines and those in the rear. Perspectives from those who are
engaged with fight on the front line differentiate from the way those who do
God’s work on the rear line.
Since the perspectives of those in
the back and those in the rear may differ at times, being intentional about
unity is necessary in many real situations. Creating dissent among mature
Christians is one of the main hindrances or weapons that Satan uses in order to
stop the expansion of Kingdom of God. Furthermore, selfish-ambition and apathy
on lost souls are considered as powerful obstacles to barricade Christians from
achieving the unity. Peter Wagner says “Unity is critical as we seek to take
the promised lands of our cities”[13]
In my estimation, Christians whose faith was
grown through struggles can do God’s work. But, if the growth is not
accompanied by maturity which is a result of persistent laying down of
self-ambition, apathy, dissent and greed, it is not possible to see children of
God work together in unity. Thomas says “Where you have envy and selfish
ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice”.[14]
This is not to say that successful
conversion of many nonbelievers is a bad thing. However, this process must be
done with holiness in mind since it is very possible that many Christians might
end up being in flesh although they started from the Holy Spirit. Making it important for people fighting at the
corporate level of spiritual warfare is to be putting more value on something
invisible and maintenance of their holiness rather than external expansion of
God’s kingdom and something visible. This seems to be life challenge since one
needs to guard their hearts against ambition, apathy, or greed in order to
God’s work and not lose their own salvation.
Clinton says “We
need to focus less on territorial spirits and more on the task of being
ambassadors. We are representatives of the king sent out to do kingdom
business”.[15]
Consequently, the acquisition of holiness and its maintenance are the
imperative instrument for the spiritual warfare individually and collectively.
But, at the corporate level, prayer is another one of the essential elements
that should be added as the effective instrument.
It is said that
“prayer is the heart and essence of spiritual warfare”.[16]
And it is highly regarded that prayer is the power source which can activate
God’s supernatural power against territorial spirits. However, it seems that
Satan has been, to considerable degree, successful in shaping biblical scholars
and pastors into approaching biblical issues of supernatural and spiritual
warfare by using intellectual methods of human beings.
From my personal
observation, it is rarely seen that Christians agree with the importance of
prayer when equipped with only biblical knowledge without the assistance of
Holy Spirit. Even if they say that they agree with the importance, it is easily
seen that they show the hostility against fervent prayer and prayer of tongue
with a nice manner.
Honestly,
something supernatural, something mysterious and something invisible in
biblical scripture are beyond our intellectual realm. Although the intellectual
approaches are essentially required for the depth of faith, ultimate
acknowledgement of biblical themes such as heaven and hell, resurrection, and
spirits requires Christians to acquire tacit awareness spiritually, not depth
of knowledge intellectually.
Therefore, in
this context, the prayer is the key which opens the gate for something
supernatural. Based on the story of the book of Acts, the prayers of the 120
people at the Pentecost had them radically transformed into new creations. When
they were spiritually endowed through the prayer, the apostles experienced
being internally filled with audacity and performed externally miraculous
works. When prayer is ignored, something divine no longer appears both
internally in hearts of Christians and externally from them. Accordingly, all
the academic efforts and intellectual approaches dominate biblical issues in
vain.
For those who
have experienced struggles spiritually in other ethnic territories such as the African
continent, it is evident that prayer is the most powerful weapon in destroying
territorial strongholds on a large scale. Peter says “Those African church
leaders would be surprised to hear that some in Western world think the
existence of territorial spirits is a subject for debate”.[17]
Furthermore,
there is a need for Christians to move somewhat radically and aggressively in
order to be a qualified applicant for spiritual warfare on the corporate level.
“If we live our lives today as active and aggressive Christians, we will find ourselves
in constant warfare”.[18]
Especially, in countries such as United States, Canada, South Korea and many
European countries, many developed cultures deprive Christians of the desperate
need for God.
We, as
Christians are by-products of our cultures since we are well domesticated by
the torrent of materialism, post-modernism and all kinds of teachings. Even,
all these cultures seem to have overwhelmed environments of churches. Clinton
says “Too many of the Christians were chasing the idol of wealth, some were
showing favoritism to the wealthy in public gatherings, some were taking
advantage of day laborers, and others were incredibly sharp-tongued and were
inflicting wounds on their brothers and sisters”.[19]
In churches, it is encouraged that Christians intentionally try to engage
themselves with activities to help others rather than participate in these
types of activities since the “Ways to demolish this stronghold are through
giving to the poor, sheltering the homeless, reconciling the races and clothing
those in need”[20]
Ironically, all
these activities could be the remedies which protect Christians from becoming
greedy, self-ambitious, apathetic and dissent Christians who are incapable and
nominal. When shielding our hearts from being occupied by these kinds of
emotions with proactive activity engagement of ourselves, many Children of God
can expand the kingdom of God through the unified prayer.
Conclusion: Warfare on both individual level and collective level; what
is it for?
Before
Jesus ascended into heaven, he commissioned his disciples to spread Gospel into
all over the world. His disciples proclaimed the Word of God passionately and
aggressively in order to expand the kingdom of God against the fierce
resistance of Satan. Gary says “We must realize that the Great Commission is
directly related to spiritual warfare”.[21]
For
the time being since the ascension of Jesus, it seems that Satan had been
dumbfounded with behaviors of apostles and early church Christians, for they
were audacious and aggressive in proclaiming the kingdom of God. For them, persecution
and sufferings of early church Christians can be interpreted, in other way, as
deadly blow directly to the kingdom of Satan.
Boyd
says “These authors never pondered “why bad things happen to good people.” for
they lived with a warfare worldview that expected bad things to happen to good
people.”[22]
Satan, who had been dealt with the blows, changed the strategy by causing the
Roman emperor to proclaim Christianity as national religion. It seems that from
this moment, Satan wisely started using the secularization to destroy
Christians with the persecution.
Especially,
it is very likely that those who believe in Jesus on the civilized soil are
inherently secularized to somewhat degree. Under this atmosphere, it is really
challenging for an individual Christians to encompass from the perception of
Jesus as the personal savior into the commander of war. Interestingly, Satan
does its best to sever the connection from the warfare of personal level to the
warfare of corporate level. However, if a Christian is just satisfied with his
own personal salvation and try not to move on to the next step, it seems highly
possible that he will be overwhelmed by the secularization, which successfully
penetrated into many of churches in many areas of globe.
It
is evident Satan gained lots of successes in diverting many Christians from
accepting the right interpretation of biblical scriptures. In particular, the
nature of work for the kingdom of God had not been changed historically. Peter
says “If anyone thinks the task of world evangelization today is different from
the days of Jesus and the apostles, I suggest that position be reconsidered”.[23]
On
a macro scale, Satan’s two representative weapons are persecution and secularization.
In many countries where the affluence of every material is easily seen, hearts
of many Christians have been conquered by the secularized standard although they
confess that they are children of God. On the other hand, in many countries
where the expectation of basic human right is even luxurious element, the
persecution tries to occupy hearts of Christians with the extreme fear. Peter
says “Many comfortable Christians are unaware that martyrdom is happening in
the world today. As I mentioned previously, David Barrett’s estimate for the
1990’s is somewhere around 155,000 martyrs for Christ each year”. [24]
When
the amount numbers of Christians are killed due to their faith, it is easily
shown that many Christians in developed countries express their concern, their
mercy and compassionate heart. However, from a perspective of the entry for eternal
life, Christians who are living as the followers of Jesus in the civilized
countries have the harder obstacles than those who believe Jesus under the
extreme persecution. In some ways, Christians living in developed countries
need to receive more mercy than those whose the persecution is main part of
their daily lives.
It
seems to me that persecution transforms Christians to become the owner of childlike
faith in Christ, which is acceptable as the key condition of entry into heaven.
To the contrary, the secularization causes Christians to experience the double
standard which can effectively blur the purity of faith. In particular,
although it is known intellectually among Christians that being persecuted for the
name of Lord is the most amazing blessing, the affluence of wealth and
well-being have long been interpreted as God’s blessing, which most Christians
are hoping to receive at the back of the mind. That is to say, the acquisition
of purity in faith and divine discernment is required of Christians living in
the well-being countries.
Thomas says
“Discernment involves more than just recognizing the activity of the enemy. It
also means understanding the many forms of suffering and affliction which can
beset human beings”.[25]
Personally, many years of frustration and suffering taught me how deeply I was
polluted with the prosperity Gospel, the positive thinking and many plausible
teachings, overlapping the untainted biblical message which leads people astray
into an unexpected destination of eternity. Thus the crucible of suffering and
series of failures for worldly success is the instrument that is used to strip
civilized Christians of the secularized standard which have long been embedded
in them subliminally. Afterward, they become pure and discernible. Interestingly,
it is the Christians that are embedded in the secularized criterion that show
skepticism in missions for unreached areas which is something that is rarely
seen in Christians that are highly active in their respective churches.
The crucible of, pain, struggle and
undeterminable hardships are what shapes the individual Christian into the
qualified warrior, who can execute the spiritual warfare on collective level.
Thus also making it the instrument used to connect the spiritual warfare on
individual level and spiritual warfare on collective level.
And
when every qualified warrior gathers together for the spiritual war against
territorial spirits over unreached areas where Gospel message has not been
heard of, substantial amounts of conversion on a grander scale will become
reality. But, we, as Christians, need to remember that the most fierce
spiritual warfare always happen right inside of our heart rather than in places
like the Middle east, India or North Korea.
Epilogue
Demons
never easily give up their territory. In everywhere from Synoptic Gospels,
Satan did his best to resist when being replaced by Kingdom of God. Thus the
behavioral pattern of Satan is demonstrated in a same way in both the
individual level and the territorial bondage of evil. Usually, the conversion
of huge numbers of people on a mega scale is preceded by the destruction of
territorial spirits, economic collapse or disastrous incidents.
Clinton says
“There are also sociological factors that make people ripe for the gospel.
Prior to the explosive growth of the church in Argentina, for example, the
country had faced a series of major catastrophes, including losing the
Falklands War, oppressive military rule, economic stagnation, and runaway
inflation”.[26]
The issue I would like to talk is that Satan’s resistance moves from the
territorial scale to the global scale.
From my
subjective perspective, there seems to be four major incidents since the start
of new millennium. These are: the 9/11 disaster in 2003, economic chaos in
2007, series of democratic rally in Middle East countries in 2010, and the tsunami
of Japan in 2011. Different from many other global events, these four incidents
have influenced the whole globe radically and are still transforming the globe
into being ready for the evangelism on a huge scale, which has never been
observed historically.
Beside all these
events, it seems that God has prepared the underground churches in North Korea,
despite all the persecutions, to penetrate the strong wall of Islam for
deliverance of Gospel. In my case, due to the personal involvement with one
specific mission organization named the Cornerstone, I have heard many shocking
stories regarding underground churches in North Korea and have heard so far the
real stories from many defectors living in Toronto.
Most of them say
that the destiny of North Korea is numbered. And once North Korea is
spiritually overwhelmed in Holy Spirit, the world mission is supposed to be
accelerated. Geographically speaking,
the entry into China through the ground transportation becomes possible only
through North Korea. Interestingly, China is surrounded by all the deserts,
high mountainous areas and swamps except North Korea. This is why Satan
tenaciously has tried to keep its stronghold almost over for 70 years, which is
not seen in any other countries.
In addition to
this, obviously, it seems that global economy is becoming worse than ever since
the sub-prime mortgage disaster although mass-media keep on saying plausible
promising news. By His time, this financial factor will make so many people
ripe for the gospel. Furthermore, the
tsunami in Japan caused the exodus of Japan to happen. The increase of Japanese
people is seen in countries such as Canada and USA. In my cases, I heard
Japanese was being spoken in the biggest Korean supermarket in North York one
year after the tsunami catastrophe in Japan. And I, the frequent user of North
York library, have seen the rapid increase of Japanese books on second floor.
This kind of actual evidence shows the exodus of Japanese people, which is not
televised officially now. However, despite the danger of nuclear toxic, some of
Christians went to Japan to evangelize and it is amazingly working on the
hearts of people now. The catastrophe made the people humble and mad their
stubborn hearts ripe for the acceptance of the Gospel. Even though Japan was
considered as one of the hardest places to evangelise, it is evident that the
rate of evangelism is skyrocketing now.
Collecting all
pieces of puzzles, the kingdom of God is radically advancing on a globe scale.
This means all the destruction of secular systems, powers, principles and
everything from Satan. Although I do not agree with all the conspiracy theories
that have arisen since the 9/11, it is possible that it was an event that
created the party to be used as the Devil’s advocates to play roles necessary to
fulfill all the apocalyptic scriptures written in the Revelation.
It is strongly
believed that the closer the time of Jesus’ second coming draws near, the more
chaotic and not positive news we will hear. And it seems that kingdom of Satan
is being replaced by kingdom of God on a globe scale. That is to say, children
of God will confront with all the attacks and resistance from Satan on a global
scale, not a local or territorial scale. It looks like that we, as Christians,
are standing right in front of threshold of gate for the spiritual warfare on a
globe scale.
Bibliography
Anderson,
Neil T, and Park. The bondage breaker youth edition. Eugene, Or.:
Harvest House, 2001.
Arnold, Clinton E. 3 crucial
questions about spiritual warfare. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1997.
Boyd, Gregory A. God at war: the
Bible & spiritual conflict. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press,
1997.
Kinnaman, Gary. How to overcome the
darkness: personal strategies for spiritual warfare. Grand Rapids, Mich.:
Chosen Books, 1999.
Scanlan, Michael, and Randall J Cirner. Deliverance
from evil spirits: a weapon for spiritual warfare. Ann Arbor (Mich.):
Servant Books, 1980.
Wagner, C. Peter. Breaking
strongholds in your city: how to use spiritual mapping to make your prayers
more strategic, effective, and targeted. Ventura, Calif., U.S.A.: Regal
Books, 1993.
———. Confronting the powers: how the
new testament church experienced the power of strategic-level spiritual warfare.
Ventura, Calif., U.S.A.: Regal Books, 1996.
White, Thomas B. The believer’s guide
to spiritual warfare. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Vine Books, 1990.
[1]
Thomas B White, The
believer’s guide to spiritual warfare (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Vine Books, 1990),
41.
[2]
Gregory A Boyd, God at war:
the Bible & spiritual conflict (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity
Press, 1997), 149.
[3]
Ibid., 185.
[4]
Neil T Anderson and Park, The
bondage breaker youth edition (Eugene, Or.: Harvest House, 2001), 22.
[5]
White, The believer’s guide
to spiritual warfare, 59.
[6]
Clinton E Arnold, 3 crucial
questions about spiritual warfare (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1997),
186.
[7]
Ibid., 197.
[8]
C. Peter Wagner, Confronting
the powers: how the new testament church experienced the power of
strategic-level spiritual warfare (Ventura, Calif., U.S.A.: Regal Books,
1996), 128.
[9]
Michael Scanlan and Randall J
Cirner, Deliverance from evil spirits: a weapon for spiritual warfare
(Ann Arbor (Mich.): Servant Books, 1980), 14.
[10]
White, The believer’s guide
to spiritual warfare, 69.
[11]
Wagner, Confronting the
powers, 194.
[12]
Ibid., 195.
[13]
C. Peter Wagner, Breaking
strongholds in your city: how to use spiritual mapping to make your prayers
more strategic, effective, and targeted (Ventura, Calif., U.S.A.: Regal
Books, 1993), 91.
[14]
White, The believer’s guide
to spiritual warfare, 53.
[15]
Arnold, 3 crucial questions
about spiritual warfare, 188.
[16]
Ibid., 129.
[17]
Wagner, Confronting the
powers, 172.
[18]
Ibid., 145.
[19]
Arnold, 3 crucial questions
about spiritual warfare, 183.
[20]
Wagner, Confronting the
powers, 88.
[21]
Gary Kinnaman, How to
overcome the darkness: personal strategies for spiritual warfare (Grand
Rapids, Mich.: Chosen Books, 1999), 51.
[22]
Boyd, God at war, 283.
[23]
Wagner, Confronting the
powers, 128.
[24]
Ibid., 181.
[25]
White, The believer’s guide
to spiritual warfare, 82.
[26]
Arnold, 3 crucial questions
about spiritual warfare, 174.
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